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Hemoglobin
Test Program:
In
rural Bangladesh micronutrient status of adolescent girls and women are
very low when the use of multiple-micronutrient fortified beverage can
contribute to the reduction of anemia and improvement of micronutrient
status. A huge number of women and adolescent girls die of diseases of
hemoglobin deficiency. Home knowledge can easily retreat them. For this
reason, the objective of this project is to test hemoglobin of women
without any fee and inform them about the condition and to council them
what to bee done. Under this project we give logistic support to South
Asian voluntary institutes including Bangladesh. Every year about
thousands people are given this service by the coordination of Apex Club/Rotary
Club and other NGOs.
Among
the genetic diseases which affect mankind sickle cell disease and
thalassemia disorder.
Anemia:
Anemia
is the most frequent disorder which refers to the shortage of red blood
cells (RBC) or hemoglobin. The symptoms includes fatigue, poor
concentration, pallor and malaise. Severe anemia can result in palpitation
and heart failure. There are three kinds of anemia – Microcytic anemia,
Normocytic anemia and Microcytic anemia. Iron deficiency and paracytic
infestation are the main cause of anemia. Microcytic anemia afflicted
people look pale. Normocytic anemia occurs for acute blood loss, chronic
anemia and bone marrow failure. Lack of folic acid and lack sufficient
parietal cells cause macrocytic anemia.
Thalassemia:
Thalassemia
is a recessive trait disease associated with RBC where both parents are
carries. It is a mutation occurs in the hemoglobin gene. There are two
kinds of it – alpha thalassemia and beta thalasemia. Bone marrow
transplantation and blood transfusions are methods used to combat
thalassemia.
Sickle-cell
disease:
Sickle
cell disease is a hemoglobin disorder caused by abnormally shaped RBC
which can aggregate within blood vessels lead to several complications.
This is also a recessive trait disease occurs in Africa. This disorder
results in periodic painful episodes called vasso – occlusive crises,
Splenic sequestration crises, aplastic crises. Aplastic crises, a life –
threatening condition.
Who
has low hemoglobin
People
with low hemoglobin levels are anemic. Anemia can be caused by vitamin
deficiency, blood loss, problems with bone marrow or abnormal hemoglobin.
Who
has high hemoglobin level
People
living in high altitude tend to have high hemoglobin levels. Cancer, tumar,
drug abuse also cause to rise hemoglobin level.
Typical
Hemoglobin Values:
Hemoglobin
levels are measured by the amount of hemoglobin in grams (gm) per
deciliter (dl) of blood. The normal ranges for hemoglobin values are
dependent on the age and sex. Normal ranges are:
* Newborns: 17-22 gm/dl
* One (1) week of age: 15-20 gm/dl
* One (1) month of age: 11-15gm/dl
* Children: 11-13 gm/dl
* Adult women: 12-16 gm/dl
* Adult males: 14-18 gm/dl
* Women after middle age: 11.7-13.8 gm/dl
* Men after middle age: 12.4-14.9 gm/dl
Epidemiology:
Generally,
thalassemias are prevalent in populations that evolved in humid climates
where malaria was endemic. It affects all races, as thalassemias protected
these people from malaria due to the blood cells' easy degradation.
Thalassemias
are particularly associated with people of Mediterranean origin, Arabs,
and Asians. The Maldives has the highest incidence of Thalassemia in the
world with a carrier rate of 18% of the population. The estimated
prevalence is 16% in people from Cyprus, 1% in Thailand, and 3-8% in
populations from Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia and Pakistan. There
are also prevalences in descendants of people from Latin America and
Mediterranean countries (e.g. Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and others).
A very low prevalence has been reported from people in Northern Europe
(0.1%) and Africa (0.9%), with those in North Africa having the highest
prevalence. It is also particularly common in populations of indigenous
ethnic minorities of Upper Egypt such as the Beja, Hadendoa, Sa'idi and
also peoples of the Nile Delta, Red Sea Hill Region and especially amongst
the Siwans.
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